Pastors/Teachers, Are They the Same?
Sadly, this appraisal will not close the debate, and I suspect the Body of Christ will continue to be divided. In conversations with many older Christians, there's a tone of ambivalence about what many see as a theological disconnect between the scriptures and what happens on the ground. However, in general, there's little recognition of a problem, to begin with, so nothing will likely change. The maxim about continuing to do the same thing, and getting the same result, appears appropriate. This conversation might be beneficial for knowledge but as far as I can tell the real benefit might be examining whether the consequences of a theological bias might result in a religious hook, that undermines the authority of a gift to the Body of Christ.
Many times I've heard leaders state that the Pastor/Teacher ministries of Ephesians 4:11 are the same, and embodied within the authority of the Pastor. I've always found this view a little thin considering the evidence. I read an article by Bill Mounce on this exact topic, and he asked the same question but also made this curious statement, "the American church as a whole chew up and spit out people. Especially their pastors. Sometimes I think that pastors are put on a pedestal so that in a few months the complainers in the church can get a clear shot at them." I understand the statement's sentiment, but it's more complicated than blaming the complainers. However, nested in the statement lies a religious conundrum where the demands of an institutional construct, contest with the spiritual foundations on which the religion was built. We see this tension being played out in many forms, with one being in the authority of leaders.
The Pastor/Teacher view of Ephesians 4:11 and the authority that religion ascribes to the title is far beyond the description in the biblical narrative and our proclivities for the religious, result in the same legalistic consequences suffered by the Israelites in the days of Jesus. While this view has become widely accepted in many Churches and claims to reflect New Testament phraseology, it's grammatically incorrect and has more to do with low-resolution thinking. It's a sloppy interpretation of Greek word structure, but it's been constantly repeated to the point it's taken on a life of its own.
In Ephesians 4:11 Paul talks about the five primary gifts given to the Ecclesia for the building, equipping, and maturing, of the ecclesia, that they might go forth, and plant the seed (Christ), of the Gospel message. This maturing of the Body is arguably the sole purpose of an ascension gift, in so far as it's given for ministry to the Body of Christ, not the world. The ministry of ascension gifts is distinct from the more general use of gifts under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Many of the same characteristics found in the ascension gifts reside in all born-again believers, however, there remains a distinction in the calling, purpose, and intensity of these five.
Pastors and Teachers in the Greek construction of Eph4:11 is NOT suggesting, or implying, that both gifts automatically reside in the same person. First and foremost the Greek does not allow it when combining nouns in this manner unless the verse is written in the singular. But in this verse, pastor and teacher are stated in the plural, and therefore clearly refer to more than one person. In Eph 2:20 the same singular article (the) also joins “the apostles and prophets” and earlier in the Gospels, "the Pharisees and Sadducees", with the same Greek construction. We recognize them as separate gifts or people. This is not to say that a pastor cannot have a teaching gift, or that a teacher might have a pastoral gift, but a teacher does not a pastor make? Likewise, a Prophet might have a teaching gift or vice versa, but we don't conflate the two because we recognize the difference. The Greek construction is clear, and overwhelmingly states they are not synonymous with one person, who happens to lead a Church. The Granville Sharp rule is: "The+Noun+and+Noun". In 2 Peter 1:1, we see the singular demonstration of the rule where it states that Jesus is both “God” and “Savior”. Despite this and many other examples, it remains common for the pastor and teacher gifts to be seen as applying to the same person. Proponents resort to a hermeneutic that relies on subjective, and somewhat projective arguments. It talks about what it could be or might mean, instead of the text interpreting itself. The Greek construction is clear beyond question, and while I understand how this suits the purposes of those with pastoral aspirations to lead a Church, they conflate the ability to preach, with the gift of teaching. Most Pastors can preach a message, but this does not make them teachers in the biblical sense.
Preaching an exhorting message every week does not “a Teacher make”. If so, by what standard do we identify a Teacher as opposed to a general ability to teach under the gifts of the spirit, that all Christians possess? Generally, this distinction has been ignored for years, and because the ministry gifts have been misrepresented and conflated beyond recognition, we have little idea about how to make the distinction. Preaching a message every week is not essential to the role of a Pastoral gift, insomuch as it's a shepherding ministry. The interpretation of the gift has been conflated with the authority of an elder, a manager, a leader, or a teacher, and therefore taken on a life of its own by altering the original meaning. Many Christians with a modicum of intelligence and spiritual maturity, can preach a message equivalent to the average Sunday sermon. I'm not denigrating the position I'm simply suggesting that preaching can be part of the pastoral outworking if the position requires it, but this is far removed from the level for a gift of Teaching. Teaching has far more gravitas than simply preaching, therefore, by whom, and by what standard, do we determine who has an ascension gift if the baseline is reduced to preaching an exhorting message?
Mounce acknowledges that the argument for both gifts applying to one person “is a poor exegesis and constrained by the verse conveyed in the plural”. The single article (the) that precedes the first three gifts, but precedes both Pastor and Teacher, does not suggest one united gift, in the same person. Now we might have a conversation about, why these two gifts are sectioned off in this manner, but then we head towards subjective presumption. Mounce questions why the two gifts were segmented from the others, but I would suggest that if we want to find the underlying reason for the distinction between pastor and teacher, and the three other gifts, it might be practical to theorize Apostles, Prophets, and Evangelists as falling into an itinerant category and Pastors and Teachers are more localized ministries. Though subjective, at least it conveys a coherent and reasonable explanation of the verse.
